Indias Media And Entertainment Industry

Indias Media And Entertainment Industry Indian Television has a rich and varied history. From black and white, subdued broadcasts 40 years ago to the colourful, sometimes flamboyant soaps and sitcoms of today, it has grown by leaps and bounds. What used to be considered a luxury most people can live without has now become such an essential part of our lives. The first experiment with television broadcasting in India involved a makeshift studio at Akashvani Bhavan in New Delhi, a low-power transmitter and 21 television sets, most of which were installed in the homes of various bureaucrats and ministers. These sets were gifts from a western European government. From these humble beginnings, television has reached a stage where every household, from a CEOs to an auto-rikshaw drivers, has a colour telelvision. Currently, there are about 160 satellite channels broadcasting in India, earning revenues of more than Rs. 79 bn from advertising alone. If one were to add all the other avenues of earning revenue, such as cable advertising, DTH subscriptions, etc, the industry becomes one worth Rs. 185 bn. This figure is also a very conservative one, proving the massive scope for the television and entertainment industry in India. Satellite television has evolved greatly over the years. From a meagre 16% coverage by area (21% coverage by population) in 1980, it extended to 66% coverage by area (83% coverage by population) in 1995. These statistics are only higher 15 years on. The first breakthrough for television in India came in 1982, when the state allowed colour televisions to be bought and sold, to coincide with the Asian Games, which were hosted in India. Due to the immense load predicted on transmitter capacity, the state also allowed private companies to install the extra transmitters. This allowed the private sector to venture forth into this industry. Secondly, when global satellite TV channels such as CNN and ESPN were allowed to broadcast in the nineties, peoples perceptions about content and coverage were revised. They became aware of the variety of programming available, and as a result, awareness and interest was sparked. Once the floodgates were opened, more and more foreign channels penetrated the Indian market. From two generic channels in the 80s, the 90s paved the way to over 50 of them. This led to a boom in the cable TV provider segment and the rise of MSOs and cable TV cartels. Currently, the world of televisions has seen another revolution : direct-to-home (DTH) and the rise of set-top boxes. Companies such as Tata-Sky, Reliance, Airtel, DD, etc. have come out with digital television experiences that have broken the back of the cable-wallahs. A small, one time deposit of Rs. 5000 is all that is needed to experience the kind of television quality that was longed for in the time of over tapped cables (as cable operators repeatedly tapped the same cable source for multiple connections, the signal got progressively worse). Another wonderful addition to the experience was the fact that the consumer could finally pick and choose which channels he/she wanted to watch, instead of having to leave that to the whims and fancies of the cable operator. TV viewership has boomed since 2005 or so, when the DTH services first set up shop. In terms of type of content viewed, the evolution is even more striking. In the days of Doordarshans two channel hegemony, the only shows watched were the limited content Prasar Bharati beamed. Entertainment programmes were few and far between. And when the solitary few soaps like Hum Log (1984), and mythological dramas: Ramayan (1987-88) and Mahabharat (1988-89) were televised, millions of viewers stayed glued to their sets. However, as happens in most cases, viewership declined with time. The need for further variety in content was deeply felt. As mentioned earlier, the opening up of foreign content in the nineties paved the way for a HUGE variety of programming. Not only was it possible to watch news that was relevant to the rest of the world, it also became possible for any viewer to watch entertainment shows that were staple in other countries. Sport also grew out of the hegemony of cricket, and football, athletics, racing, etc. gained viewership. The Indian consumer had finally come of age. Preferred Content : Presently, Indian viewership is extremely fragmented and unpredictable. A formula that works today could be absolutely worthless tomorrow. This unpredictability is every content generators nightmare. There are no past trends that can be trusted. As such, the content variety has shot up immensely. Indian viewers still love their soaps. The same stories that they grew up watching, those of families broken and reunited, love killing and giving life, crime paying and then collecting, are still a winning formula. What needs to change are the faces, and the way those messages are delivered. While old soaps such as Sansaar or Shanti would show these stories calmly and with far fewer effects, current day soaps are rife with glitter, pizzazz, sound effects and emotions. Everything in todays soaps happens at the speed of light. The stories have caught up with the times and reflect the pace of life as it stands today. A new fad in the industry is the Reality show. These are shows that involve real people, not actors, who perform for the entertainment of millions. From talent competitions to dare-devilry, the permutations for these shows are endless, and most have been explored by now. An import from the west, reality television has achieved new highs in India. Not only has this form of programming broken all records for viewership, clever marketing and commercial tie-ups have also brought in a very large amount of money in the form of mobile services revenue. Telecom operators frequently tie up with the producers of the show to provide value added services. The audience, on whose participation this entire genre depends, will vote and decide the fate of the candidates on the show by dialling/sending a text message. This call/text is charged at a premium, thus making both the producers of the show and the telecom operator a hefty sum of money. Sports have not been left untouched, either. Cricket still remains the fan favourite, but the influx of channels such as ESPN and Star Sports has opened the Indian viewers eyes to more exotic fare. Now, football viewership is on the rise. Clubs such as Manchester United, AC Milan and Chelsea have started making their presence felt, not only in the living rooms of the urban youth, but also in the football academies in tier 2 cities. Formula One racing is also racing up the popularity charts, with people now being able to differentiate between a diffuser and a spoiler. The inaugural Indian Grand Prix, to be held in 2011, is testament to the growing popularity of this sport. Other examples, such as tennis, athletics, etc. are also to be made. Another interesting trend is the rise of sexually loaded content in contemporary Indian television. Item numbers in movies, channels dedicated to showing fashion shows of underwear models and even advertisements point to this rising trend. While the world shrinks, cultures once perceived to be too foreign or too alien to ours have started becoming acceptable. Sex on TV has long been debated over, but the reality is that it is nothing more than a relic of a flattening world. What was once the property of seedy businessmen in video rental stores has become commonplace. Whether this is good or bad is for the viewer to decide. The censorship board, too, has a role to play in this debate. What lies in store : The future for Indian television appears bright indeed. There is a very large, untapped market for it in rural India. Also, per capita viewership in India is only about half that of the United States. What is uncertain, however, is the medium of viewership. Current cable technology is extremely outdated, and newer satellite TV technology is still suffering from teething issues. With the rise of broadband internet, experts believe IPTV is the future. Or, in a humorous twist, it is also possible that satellite TV can be used to offer broadband internet connectivity. The possibilities are endless. Most viewers will, however, be watching their TV mainly via cable, terrestrial and direct to home television delivered via satellite. Cable TV infrastructure will have improved. Addressability also will have made its mark and consumers will be surfing their television sets for emails and for information. Free-to-air television will, however, continue to rule the roost but tiering will have made its mark and people will be buying their pay per view programmes and choosing the channels they want watch unlike today when everything is thrown at them with a shovel.

Realism and Liberalism Essay

Realism and Liberalism are two major and dominant theories in global politics. They both have contrasting ideas when dealing with how states should relate to each other. Realism is a conservative and pessimistic theory which states predicts and will act on their national interest regardless of morals. This belief results from people who are selfish and competitive. Realism is a perspective that is dominated by cynicism. Realists place each state in the position of closely observing the actions of their neighbors to resolve problems effectively without regarding moral concerns. Realists only want to maintain their own security. They always want enough power so they can be strong enough to withstand attacks. They believe that the international system is inherently anarchical and cannot really be made peaceful except through power. Realists also do not believe in democratization. Realists also believe that countries will pursue power regardless of being democratic. They believe countrie s will fight for their interests even if they and their opponents are both democracies. Realists claim that only powerful states are true and key actors in international politics. Liberalism is progressive and optimistic. They emphasize that the broad ties among states have both made it difficult to define national interest and decreased the usefulness of military power. Liberals believe that the international system can be manipulated to make peace. Liberals believe in organization like the United Nations. They believe that institutions like that allow various countries to interact in a variety of ways and will lead to less conflict between countries. They also believe in democratizations. They believe that democratic countries will not fight one another. They also believe in non-state actors and their importance. They tend to pay attention to individual leaders and also they give way to non-governmental organizations. Liberals believe military power is not the only form of power. Economic and social power matter a great deal too. Exercising economic power has proven more effective than exercising military power. These theories remind me of a documentary that I watched about Kofi Annan and the theory that he valued. I believe that there is a difference between force and diplomacy. After watching the documentary, I came to a conclusion based on the lectures that Kofi Annan is a liberal. I’m saying this because in the documentary, he states that he speaks for the poor, weak and the voiceless. He explains that he does not have power or any military resources. I also understand that, his influence is based on persuasion and morals but not because he’s the Secretary General. Discussing the September 11th disaster (after), he made it very clear that the United Nations interference was not to side with one team but to create unity amongst all nations. Thus, this eradicates the realist point of view. He stated that the security of every nation was one of the United Nations goals. I think that no other organization can take this job since it’s a very difficult task and it needs a fair and firm leader who will not be bias, or work because of a personal interest. In the documentary, an example on Sesame Street was used to demonstrate how to instill peace amongst individuals, which explained further that its not always about talking or persuasion but it’s the understanding and love that is expressed for one another. From both theories I think it depends on what the person values the most. It’s either their self-interest or the interest of all. For example, Kofi Annan’s documentary made me understand. Bibliography Kofi Annan â€Å" Center of the Storm† PBS

The Current Positioning Of Pepsi Corporation Commerce Essay

Pepsi International is a universe renowned trade name. It is a really good organized transnational company, which operates about all over the universe. They produce, one of best carbonated drinks in the universe. Pepsi is a symbol of hygiene, quality and service, all over the universe. Pepsi is bring forthing Cola for more than 100 old ages and it has dominated the universe market for a long clip. Its caput office is in New York. PepsiCo is the 2nd largest nutrient and drink company in the universe. It manufactures markets and sells a assortment of salty, sweet and grain-based bites, carbonated and non-carbonated drinks PepsiCo seeks to accomplish growing and long-run value in its operational activities by making competitory advantages through new merchandise invention.MISSION STATEMENTâ€Å" To be the universe ‘s prime consumer Merchandises Company focused on convenient nutrients and drinks. We seek to bring forth healthy fiscal wagess to investors as we provide chances for growing and enrichment to our employees, our concern spouses and the communities in which we operate. And in everything we do, we strive for honestness, equity and unity. †VISION STATEMENTâ€Å" To be the universe ‘s best drink company † . Bing the best agencies supplying outstanding quality, service, cleanliness and value, so that their every client is contented and happy with their merchandises. † â€Å" To increase the value of their stockholder ‘s investing through gross revenues growing, cost control and wise investing of resources. †Fact ABOUT THE CompanyPepsi is a USA based public company whose stocks are available in New York. Mountain Dew, acquired by Pepsi-Cola in 1964, switches its advertisement and bundle artworks room bushwhackers to action-oriented scenes. The 3rd Mountain Dew motto appeared in 1973 â€Å" Put A Small Yahoo in Your Life. † PepsiCo acquired Pizza Hut, Inc. Pizza Hut was founded in 1958 by Dan and Frank Carney. Taco Bell is was acquired by Pepsi. Taco Bell was established in the mid 1960s by Glen Bell. PepsiCo purchased Kentucky Fried Chicken, the leader in the speedy service poulet market. KFC was founded by Colonel Harland Sanders. Colonel Sanders began franchising the company in 1952. KFC was spun off along with Pizza Hut and Taco Bell concerns as Tricon Global Restaurants, Inc. in 1997. PepsiCo purchases Seven-Up International, the 3rd largest franchise soft drink operation outside the United States SWOT Analysis, which is based on thorough reappraisal of the concern ( corporation, merchandise class competition, clients and merchandises ) , individualities and evaluates the internal strengths and failing of the companies good as its external menaces and chances. The selling mix is driven by the consequences of the SWOT analysis.2.1. StrengthDemand of Pepsi is more than its rivals. Company has a really established name and a good repute. Pepsi has big market portion than its rivals. As the mark clients of Pepsi is immature coevals, so Pepsi has more trade name loyal clients. Most of the clients are satisfied with the monetary value of the Pepsi. Pepsi is an international company and it has a really strong place internationally. The environment of mill is really good and attractive. Pepsi spends a batch of budget on its advertisement. Pepsi has a really huge distribution channel and it is easy available everyplace. Employees are besides motivated. Peoples like the gustatory sensation and quality ofA PepsiA around the universe Pepsi has heavy advertisement and publicity activities Pepsi offers many price reduction strategies for clients clip to clip. Pepsi Cola is patronizing athleticss, musical concerts, walks2.2. WEAKNESSESPepsi does non offer any kind of inducement or price reduction to its retail merchants. Pepsi target merely immature clients in their publicities. Crown of the disposable bottle is non good. Demand of disposal bottle is worsening. Result of low profile or non-existent advertisement Pepsi Sn battalion is non available in far off rural countries. Pepsi is non sing many possible mercantile establishments like hotels, college canteens etc. Most of the drinks supply is restricted to few states. Lack of invention. Lack of popularity of many Pepsi ‘s trade names Health issues2.3. OPPORTUNITIESInvention Company may get down come ining rural countries besides. The company may besides diversify its concern in some other possible concern. Launch healthy drinks Increase mineralA waterA gross revenues Increased involvement of people in musical groups, cultural shows and athleticss has provided an chance for Pepsi to increase its gross revenues through them. Overtake rivals Increase Awareness plans New engineerings that entree efficiencies. Launch otherA PepsiA discrepancies in the untapped states.2.4. MenaceThe chief rival of the company is the Coca Cola. At the international degree, Pepsi has a really strong competition with Coke. Coke has started its advertizements more efficaciously to increase their demand and it is a really strong menace for Pepsi. New entrants are gainingA market portion Ongoing recession Cola drinks are non good for the wellness so the awareness degree of the people is increasing which is a large menace to the company Decrease in PepsiA brandA value in last few old ages. Some negative wellness consequence Economy instability in 3rd universe states Economic height become stillborn Political instability in few states The monetary values of natural stuffs such as sugar and metals utilizing in fabrication are increasing quickly. Adversary is Thinking Seriously About Textile Sector Market Bounded trade names3.1. Political Factor:Political StabilityWhenever the authorities is considered to be stable, the concern will boom. If there is political stableness in the state the policies and schemes made by Pepsi can be consistent to be implemented. Foreign companies are besides acute to put in those states which are politically stable where they have no fright of diminution in their market portion or close down due to sudden alteration of authorities.Assorted EconomyIn assorted economic system authorities and private sector both plays their function in developing the economic system of the state. Investing by foreign companies like Pepsi is more likely to boom in assorted economic system.Laws FormulationGovernment has given transcript rights to Pepsi so that another company can non sell their merchandise by the name of Pepsi. The states where Torahs are formulated, the schemes and activities of the company are different.Social ResponsibilityPepsi ‘s societal duty is to supply its clients with clean and hygienic merchandise so to make this they have increased the usage of disposable bottles.3.2. Economic Factor:Income and Income per CapitaIf the income degree or per capita income of the people increases, it will hold a positive consequence on the ingestion of Pepsi.InflationIf the state faces inflationary tendency in the market, the monetary value of the Pepsi will finally increase which will take down its demand.Consumption BehaviorUnited Kingdom and other states are ingestion oriented societies. Due to demonstration consequence the people are more inclined towards ingestion than salvaging. So the people spent to a great extent on nutrient points. Hence Pepsi has a good market portion in the present fortunes.Income DistributionIt means how much is in the custodies of rich and hapless category. In World 10 % rich people posses 93 % of wealth and 90 % people posses 7 % of wealth. If there is balanced distribution of income in the state, the ingesti on of the people will increase hence increasing the gross revenues of drinks every bit good.Payment ModAs the usage of fictile money is increasing the ingestion form of the people are increasing. Although it will hold a low affect on the ingestion of Pepsi.Employment OpportunitiesAs employment chances increase the living criterion of the people addition and the people consume more.Aggregate DemandIn instance of Pepsi, aggregative demand of the merchandise increases in the season of summer as the hot conditions makes the consumers want to imbibe more.Aggregate SupplyIn summer season to get by up with the increasing demand they have to increase the aggregative supply of their merchandise.Economic PoliciesSome of the economic policies which can impact the market of Pepsi are discussed below:Fiscal PolicyIt is the policy of revenue enhancements. If heavy revenue enhancement is levied on Pepsi so its monetary value will lift holding negative consequence on its ingestion.Monetary PolicyMo netary policy is made to curtail or increase the supply of money in the market. If policies are made to curtail the flow of money in the market, rising prices can be controlled therefore increasing the existent income of the people which will finally impact the ingestion of Pepsi.Monetary value PolicyIf monetary value of Pepsi is increased its demand will diminish and frailty versa.Income PolicyIf income of the people will increase their buying power will increase and therefore increasing the market portion of Pepsi?3.3. SOCIAL FACTORS:PsychographicIt is a combination of demographic and psychological factors. Psychological properties mean how you perceive things. The company will concentrate on the behaviour of consumers and do different alterations in their merchandise measure or quality and in advancing their merchandise so that they can pull the clients. Keeping in position that the behaviour of different consumers is non alike they have to do their selling schemes in conformity with their demands so that they are convinced to purchase the merchandise.ReligiousReligious factors can act upon the market gross revenues of Pepsi as it happened in 2003 when the U.S-led onslaught on Iraq, broad subdivisions of society in Pakistan have banned American multinationals Coke and PepsiSocial StatusPepsi is a good celebrated trade name. Peoples who are trade name witting will non imbibe drinks of lesser known trade names. They will seek to demo their position by imbibing Pepsi which is known to all as a quality drink.MediaIt is a really of import factor for selling. Media these yearss is a really effectual manner of animating people to purchase a specific merchandise. A good publicity can tout up gross revenues to a great extent.3.4. Technological Factor:Research and DevelopmentThrough research and development quality of the merchandise can be improved or better techniques or machinery can be developed which can increase the production. When engineering is advance the s upply of the merchandise addition hence the company experiences growing in their concern. Pepsi operates in about all the states and these are besides technological factors: Introduction of tins and plastic Bottles Newer and attractive DesignsA State-of-the-art workss Ad3.5. OTHERS Factors:3.5.1. DEMOFGRAPHIC Factor:AgeThe demands of different age groups are different. Pepsi should aim that age group that consumes it the most and do promotional schemes harmonizing to their behaviour. So their chief mark is the immature coevals.EducationA company has to do promotional schemes maintaining in position the client degree. If the per centum of instruction is high in a state so through advertizements people can be made good cognizant of their merchandise and can convey their message easy. Promotion and instruction has a direct relationship.Population DistributionPopulation distribution means how much [ population lives urban countries and rural countries. Pepsi is concentrating on urban countries as people there are more inclined towards such drink while people in rural countries are more inclined imbibing desi drinks.3.5.2. Physical Factor:RegionWorld is divided into different geographical parts. Selling and gross revenues of Pepsi is different in diffe rent geographical parts. In hot countries its demand is more.City SizeThe metropoliss which are dumbly populated the ingestion of Pepsi is more.ClimatePepsi is more suited for humid or hot weather-beaten states. It is a beginning of refreshment when a individual is 30 due to the hot conditions.InfrastructureRoadss are the basic demand for transit of Pepsi from one topographic point to another. Pepsi can non open mills in every metropolis so it has to transport it to other metropoliss where Pepsi is demanded. Electricity is the basic necessity for production of any merchandise. Changeless burden casting slows down the procedure of production which leads to less production and low market portion. The selling universe is full of surprises. Who could conceive of that Coca Cola would be overtaken by Pepsi? If Coke could be overrun by Pepsi, it would be no admiration that Pepsi might be overtaken by some other drink. The demand so is to unite quality with inventiveness. Along with that, the repute of the company has to be kept robust. Today we live in a fast moving universe where freshness and newness count a batch. One can non rest on one ‘s awards. Fresh attempts, newness of attack must stay the central rules of a well orchestrated selling scheme and the run must be relentless. A uninterrupted barrage in advertizement would convert the clients that Pepsi is a portion of their lives. In order to populate with manner, Pepsi ought to be an indispensable ingredient of one ‘s life. The Pepsi is at its adulthood phase and the gross revenues of company are non turning really quickly. Company is making a batch of promotional activities to allow the merchandise remain in the market. It holds a big portion of the market and whenever the gross revenues province worsening, the company can better it by different promotional activities. Sellers of Pepsi can seek to better gross revenues by bettering one or more selling mix elements. They can cut monetary values to pull new users and rival ‘s clients. They can besides establish a better advertisement run or usage aggressive gross revenues publicity to better the gross revenues. Therefore, Pepsi is at its adulthood phase. Pepsis, the pick of Generation next is non supplying the first pick of immature coevals. A immature coevals wants something strong in cold drinks & A ; therefore prefers Thumsup. Pepsi should come out with some excess strong gustatory sensation to catch up maximal immature coevals & A ; to go precisely Generation Next drink. Company should name competent & A ; honest salesman so that they could supply strategies to the full retail merchant ‘s & A ; cover their full path. It is frequently seen that some salesman do non adumbrate strategies to the retail merchant & A ; few of the retail merchants complained about it. So there should be frequent visits of Customer Executives to their several countries to maintain the tradesmans benefited with assorted strategies. Delay in get downing of supply new waves from several terminal should be checked & amp ; a proper clip registry should be maintained. Most of the retail merchants are kicking about non-fulfillment of committednesss sing their sampling. Company should do certain that the retail merchants get the sampling on clip so that they are satisfied. Most of the retail merchants are kicking about hold & A ; no replacing of burst bottles. Marketing Management should screen some solutions to this major job of replacing burst bottles. One-half filled bottles should besides be checked at the clip of issue of goods from the distributer ‘s travel down to the several paths. Company should seek to give some recognition installation to the distributers so that they get motivated. Credit installation for retail merchants should be provided. Proper feedback system should be developed by guaranting regular visits & A ; look into indiscriminately at the assorted mercantile establishments Pepsi is a good renowned company and it has maintained its place good by understanding the client psychological science, by guaranting quality, by presenting inventiveness in merchandises, by enlarging its merchandise base, by maintaining economic factors in position and by intense and jazzy advertizements. Whenever and where of all time there is a spotlight event, Pepsi must calculate in, like the cricket and football lucifers between any state and many other such occasions. The cardinal word for success in the Marketing World is to â€Å" stay in the limelight † and that is what Pepsi is making. SWOT Analysis of Pepsi, which is based on thorough reappraisal of the concern ( corporation, merchandise class competition, clients and merchandises ) , individualities and evaluates the internal strengths and failing of the company good as its external menaces and chances.

Phenomenology Is The Study Of Phenomena Essay - 1037 Words

In its most simplistic form, phenomenology is the study of phenomena. In other words, phenomenology focuses on the appearance of things as they appear in our individual experience, and even the ways in which we experience particular things (Aspers 2009). Phenomenological methods incorporate the subjective view of experience, i.e. the first-person point of view. Humans are described as conscious thinking beings and phenomenology argues that the only way we can confirm the existence of a phenomenon is through the way we consciously perceive our surroundings (Heidegger, as cited by Aspers 2009). Sociological methodology implies that the notion of sociology is indeed a science. Empirical phenomenology and ethnomethodology aim to describe, â€Å"how people perceive and think about things, although this is central to the phenomenological approach† (Aspers 2009, p. 6). Social scientific analysis seeks understanding and explanations (Aspers 2009). According to Aspers (2009, p.4), â€Å"if we are to understand the social world and meet the demands of phenomenology, we must produce explanations that are grounded in the subjective experiences of real people.† Therefore, it is a social scientist’s job to understand why particular things happen and how these incidents occur (Aspers 2009) whilst taking into account the subjective relationship to these phenomena. Phenomenology has greatly influenced sociology, as it is a philosophical method of knowing and understanding the nature of reality.Show MoreRelatedSwot Analysis : Voices From The Group : Violent Women s Experiences Of Intervention1669 Words   |  7 Pagesinquiry, ethnography, and case studies. Non-experimental methods may include qualitative methods such as surveys, focus groups and interviews (Hacker, 2013). 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